Apple v. Samsung jury finds Apple's patents valid, awards it nearly $1.05 billion in damages

The federal court jury in the patent infringement lawsuit between Apple and Samsung has presented its verdict after deliberating for just 21 hours and 37 minutes following the three week trial. This particular case started with Apple's lawsuit last April and now the jury's decision is that Samsung did infringe on Apple's '381 bounceback patent with all 21 of its products in question. For the '915 patent on pinch-and-zoom, the jury ruled all but three of the devices listed infringed, and more damningly, found that Samsung executives either knew or should have known their products infringed on the listed patents. The jury has also found against Samsung when it comes to Apple's contours on the back of the iPhone and its home screen GUI. The Galaxy Tab, was found not to have infringed upon Apple's iPad design patents. The bad news for Samsung continued however, as the jury decided that not only did it willfully infringe on five of the seven Apple patents, but also upheld their validity when it came to utility, design and trade dress.

The amount of the damages against Samsung is in: $1,051,855,000.00 (see below). That's less than half of the $2.5 billion it was seeking, but still more than enough to put an exclamation point on this victory for the team from Cupertino. The final number is $1,049,343,540, after the judge found an issue with how the jury applied damages for the Galaxy Tab 10.1 4G LTE and Intercept. The jury also ruled that Apple did not infringe upon Samsung's patents with the iPhone 3G and 3GS, and has awarded it zero dollars in damage. We'll have more information for you as it become available.

Update: Both companies have released statements on the matter, with Apple stating via the New York Times the ruling sends a loud and clear message that "stealing isn't right." Samsung has its own viewpoint calling this "a loss for the American consumer" that will lead to fewer choices, less innovation and high prices. You can see both in their entirety after the break.

Continue reading Apple v. Samsung jury finds Apple's patents valid, awards it nearly $1.05 billion in damages

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Apple v. Samsung jury finds Apple's patents valid, awards it nearly $1.05 billion in damages originally appeared on Engadget on Fri, 24 Aug 2012 18:44:00 EDT. Please see our terms for use of feeds.

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Source: http://www.engadget.com/2012/08/24/apple-v-samsung-decision/

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Significance Of A Professional Tree Care Company

Today one of the vast growing things happening in our society is lawn care service. If you are unable to look up your everyday then it will be great idea to contact with lawn care service and professionals to take care of your lawn. There are numbers of lawn care services are available in every week.

After selecting the company makes sure to check the companys bio data their experience, reputation and the price which they are taking for their service.

One of the greatest source to find out the suitable company is to search for several companies in internet. So, search and select the better one according to your need. It will be great pleasure for you when you sit with your family and you do not have to maintain your lawn by yourself.

So when you will see your home is well planned with shrubs, flowers your family members will obviously enjoy the environment of surroundings and also get the good compliment from the neighbors. But maintaining a lawn is very tough work and it is also challengeable to do it by individuals. Many people just love to do it but as because they cannot manage time for that it becomes unsuccessful. So, when you are planning and very much serious about that hiring a professional team can really make you satisfaction and difference that doing it by yourself.

After making the decision you have take some necessary steps like you have to give water daily with an exact quantity. So, for that you have to hire professional who can perform it perfectly. As we know to care about grass, plants, trees we have to use pest control. So, an expert and professionals can provide you a service and give you best service and give you the best result by the using of proper blend chemicals and organic mixture. Therefore you have to find a good expert to involve him in this part.

There are a vast number of people who like landscaping in there garden, so it will become very essential to contact with a landscaping service provider. Because these will be the area where you family member and friend will organize a event in summer vacation or holy days. So, removing the excess grass and pruning and choosing the right expert development to beautify the location. It will be good decision to go for a professional touch in your lawn unless you are very passionate about it.

You should also compare the charges with the market which they are taking. Choose the expert carefully by checking their experience, qualifications, rating by other users, price, and more. Also check that they have sufficient tools like electric mowers, blowers and other materials relating to the lawn service.

So, these are the some few tips which can help to at time of choosing lawn care service organization.

Article source: http://goarticles.com/article/Significance-of-a-Professional-Tree-Care-Company/6879446/

About the Author:
Athustin John is a Houston based writer who is specialized about writing on various topics including Tree Care Company McLean , Tree Care Company Arlington and Tree Care Company Great Falls.

Source: http://www.articlesnatch.com/Article/Significance-Of-A-Professional-Tree-Care-Company/4119861

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Figures on government spending and debt

WASHINGTON (AP) - Figures on government spending and debt (last six digits are eliminated). The government's fiscal year runs Oct. 1 through Sept. 30.

Total public debt subject to limit Aug. 22	15,921,975
Statutory debt limit	16,394,000
Total public debt outstanding Aug. 22	15,960,469
Operating balance Aug. 22	13,680
Interest fiscal year 2012 through July	215,183
Interest same period 2011	212,927
Deficit fiscal year 2012 through July	973,840
Deficit same period 2011	1,099,902
Receipts fiscal year 2012 through July	2,008,667
Receipts same period 2011	1,893,096
Outlays fiscal year 2012 through July	2,982,507
Outlays same period 2011	2,992,998
Gold assets in August	11,041

Copyright 2012 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.

Source: http://www.wafb.com/story/19354802/figures-on-government-spending-and-debt

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Book Review : BOOK REVIEW: Turing's Cathedral: The Origins of the Digital Universe by George Dyson

Computers are mathematically pretty powerful, considering the only numbers they use are 0 and 1. That power, of course, stems from binary digital logic, dimly foreseen by Francis Bacon four centuries ago and articulated more clearly by Leibniz several decades later. But the modern computer?s ability to exploit that power grew from the mathematical imagination of Alan Turing (SN: 6/30/12, p. 26) in work appearing a few years before World War II.

Dyson?s book dives deeply into the postwar development of Turing?s ideas under the direction of John von Neumann at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, N.J. The institute?s computer, MANIAC, was not the first all-purpose digital electronic computer (that was ENIAC, at the University of Pennsylvania), but in Dyson?s telling it was the most influential. MANIAC combined binary numbers representing memory with those representing codes (programming) in a way that persists to the present day. ?The entire digital universe, from an iPhone to the Internet, can be viewed as an attempt to maintain everything, from the point of view of the order codes, exactly as it was when they first came into existence, in 1951,? in Princeton, Dyson writes.

His book is full of insights into the evolution of computing in the modern era, as well as historical detail that sometimes seems excessive (it?s hard to say why you?d need to know the starting salaries of all the engineers who worked on the project, for instance). But for those interested in the history of technology placed in broader social context ? from the use of the new computers to design hydrogen bombs to the computer?s implications for understanding the nature of life ? Dyson?s book provides ample helpings of substance as well.

Pantheon, 2012, 401 p., $29.95

Source: http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/343224/title/Book_Review__BOOK_REVIEW_Turings_Cathedral_The_Origins_of_the_Digital_Universe_by_George_Dyson

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'Frankenstein' virus could assemble itself from app snippets

9 hrs.

Devin Coldewey

Many malware and viruses can be identified by detection software because of known bits of malicious code. But what if there was a virus compiled from little bits of programs you already had installed? That's just what two security researchers are looking into.

Vishwath Mohan and Kevin Hamlen at the University of Texas at Dallas are interested in how malware disguises itself in order to propagate more widely. After all, with virus detectors and operating systems getting frequent updates, any positively identified virus will be destroyed on sight around the world soon after.

Malware authors and security experts have tried different ways to camouflage malicious code, like encrypting it or adding garbage data to confuse the scanners. But Mohan and Hamlen take it a step further: their virus builds itself out of pieces your computer knows to be safe ? bits of applications like your word processor, image editor?or Web?browser.

Appropriately enough, they call it Frankenstein, and although right now it's still just a proof of concept, it's an indication of one avenue hackers might take in the future. Why bother sending out a whole application stuffed full of code that could be identified as bad news when you can just send a "blueprint" of what it needs, and let it assemble itself on-site, as it were?

Their Frankenstein is a "toy" version, which means it does not propagate itself onto other computers, but it can make variants of itself by stealing different code from different programs. That means that every "mutant" version?it creates of itself will be significantly different, but still check out when looked at piece by piece for suspicious functions. And there's no shortage of the snippets of code, which they call "gadgets." As they remark in the paper describing their work:

The results show that even with the limited capacity of our?prototype, 2?3 binaries are suf?cient to bring the number of?gadgets above 100,000. On average we discovered about 46?gadgets per KB of code, ?nding approximately 2338 gadgets?per second.

In other words, just a few basic applications rendered thousands of pieces to use.?That many spare parts could keep the virus scanners busy for quite some time, though there is always the risk that they could be trained to look for the "blueprint" instead of the resultant patched-together virus. But that too could be made to look legitimate.

Mohan and Hamlen hope that being aware of camouflaging systems like this will make virus detection stronger and better; after all, if they didn't invent it, some less well-meaning person might have instead, and it would be at large instead of in a paper.

The research was supported by Air Force and National Science Foundation grants. The paper, "Frankenstein: Stitching Malware from Benign Binaries,"?is available for free download here, as well as the slides from Mohan and Hamlen's presentation at the USENIX security workshop.

Devin Coldewey is a contributing writer for NBC News Digital. His personal website is coldewey.cc.

Source: http://www.nbcnews.com/technology/technolog/frankenstein-virus-could-assemble-itself-app-snippets-959004

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Mars rover completes first drive

22 August 2012 Last updated at 15:03 ET By Jonathan Amos Science correspondent

The US space agency's (Nasa) Curiosity rover has finally begun to roll.

The Mars robot, which landed on the Red Planet two weeks ago, turned its six wheels briefly on Wednesday to satisfy engineers that its locomotion system was in full working order.

Curiosity is a sophisticated mobile science laboratory.

It has been built to drive at least 20km across the Martian landscape to investigate whether the planet ever had the conditions necessary for life.

Wednesday's drive saw the rover roll forward 4.5m, turn clockwise on the spot for about 120 degrees, and then reverse up 2.5m.

It took about five minutes to complete the manoeuvre. Another half-hour was spent photographing the outcome, showing the vehicle's historic first tracks in the Martian soil.

The significance of the test drive was not lost on Nasa's Curiosity project manager Pete Theisinger.

"It couldn't be more important," he told reporters. "We built a rover and unless the rover roves, we really haven't accomplished anything.

"And the fact that we completely exercised it and everything was on track is a big moment."

Nasa has made one other key announcement on what has been the 16th day of this mission. It has named the spot on which the robot landed after the science fiction author, Ray Bradbury.

The celebrated American writer, who died in June, was an enthusiastic supporter of the space agency.

"His books have truly inspired us," said Michael Meyer, Nasa's programme scientist for Curiosity. "The Martian Chronicles have inspired our curiosity and opened our minds to the possibility of life on Mars.

"In his honour, we declare the place that Curiosity touched down to be forever known as Bradbury Landing."

Nasa's Matt Heverly: "I'm pleased to report that today Curiosity had her first successful drive on Mars"

The rover is now pointing south in the general direction of Mount Sharp, the big mountain at the centre of Mars' equatorial Gale Crater.

Scientists expect to find rocks at the base of the peak that were laid down billions of years ago in the presence of abundant water.

Curiosity - also known as the Mars Science Laboratory, MSL - will not journey to Mount Sharp immediately, however.

The mission team first wants to visit a piece of ground some 400m to the east, a location researchers have dubbed Glenelg.

Satellite pictures have shown this place to be an intersection of three distinct types of rock terrain.

Scientists think Glenelg will be a good place to start to characterise the geology of Gale Crater.

On its way to the intersection, Curiosity will "sniff" the atmosphere and analyse the composition of its gases.

It will likely also scoop a soil sample to examine in its onboard laboratories.

• (A) Curiosity will trundle around its landing site looking for interesting rock features to study. Its top speed is about 4cm/s
• (B) This mission has 17 cameras. They will identify particular targets, and a laser will zap those rocks to probe their chemistry
• (C) If the signal is significant, Curiosity will swing over instruments on its arm for close-up investigation. These include a microscope
• (D) Samples drilled from rock, or scooped from the soil, can be delivered to two hi-tech analysis labs inside the rover body
• (E) The results are sent to Earth through antennas on the rover deck. Return commands tell the rover where it should drive next

Jonathan.Amos-INTERNET@bbc.co.uk and follow me on Twitter

Source: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-19342994#sa-ns_mchannel=rss&ns_source=PublicRSS20-sa

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